Which financial document includes both assets and liabilities management?

The balance sheet is the financial document that includes both assets and liabilities management. It provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time by detailing what the company owns (assets) and what it owes (liabilities). The balance sheet follows the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This structure allows stakeholders to assess the company's liquidity, financial health, and capital structure.

In contrast, the income statement primarily focuses on a company's revenues and expenses over a period, thereby showing the company's profitability but not directly addressing its assets and liabilities. The cash flow statement tracks the inflows and outflows of cash, illustrating how well the company manages its cash related to operating, investing, and financing activities. A tax return documents the income and tax obligations of a business, but it does not offer comprehensive information about assets and liabilities. Therefore, the balance sheet is unequivocally the document that provides insights into both asset and liability management.