Which of the following best describes a job posting?

A job posting is best described as a public display of job vacancies for internal candidates because it conveys important information about available positions within an organization. This allows current employees to consider opportunities for advancement or lateral moves within the company. Job postings not only outline the qualifications and responsibilities associated with the role, but also serve as a means to promote career growth and development among existing staff. The other options, such as a formal application process or employee performance evaluations, do not capture the essence of what a job posting conveys, especially in the context of focusing on internal candidates specifically. External recruitment advertisements can be a form of job posting but are not exclusive to internal opportunities, which is the focal point of the correct answer.