Which theory describes the relationship between an individual's motivation, expectations for outcomes, and the value placed on those outcomes?

Expectancy Theory is a psychological concept that specifically addresses how an individual's motivation is influenced by their expectations regarding the outcomes of their actions, as well as the value they assign to those outcomes. This theory posits that people are motivated to act in a certain way based on their belief that their efforts will lead to desired results and that those results are worth the effort.

In particular, the relationship described by Expectancy Theory involves three key components: expectancy (the belief that one’s effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance will lead to a certain outcome), and valence (the value the individual places on the outcome). This means that if a person believes that their effort will result in success and that the success is meaningful to them, they are more likely to be motivated to take specific actions.

By recognizing this interplay between motivation, expectation, and value, organizations can better understand how to drive employee performance and engagement. This theory acts as a guide for creating environments where individuals feel capable of achieving desirable outcomes, thus maximizing their motivation. In contrast, the other theories listed focus on different aspects of motivation and do not encapsulate the specific relationship outlined in the question.